What is the process called that transforms water vapor into tiny droplets or ice crystals?

The process that transforms water vapor into tiny droplets or ice crystals is known as condensation. This phenomenon occurs when water vapor in the air cools and loses energy, causing it to change from a gaseous state back to a liquid or solid. During condensation, moisture collects on surfaces, leading to the formation of clouds or dew. It is an essential part of the water cycle and is critical for weather patterns, as it is the basis for cloud development and ultimately precipitation.

In contrast, evaporation refers to the process where liquid water is converted into vapor, while precipitation involves falling water (in various forms such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail) from the atmosphere to the ground. Transpiration refers specifically to the process by which plants release water vapor into the air. Thus, condensation plays a key role in transitioning water vapor back into a liquid or solid form, making it the correct choice in this context.